ভাৰত

ভাৰত বা ভাৰতীয় প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ (Republic of India) দক্ষিণ এছিয়াত অৱস্থিত এখন সাৰ্বভৌম গণতান্ত্ৰিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। ভৌগোলিক আয়তনৰ ফালৰ পৰা ভাৰত পৃথিৱীৰ ভিতৰত সপ্তম বৃহত্তম ৰাষ্ট্ৰ, জনসংখ্যাৰ ফালৰ পৰা প্ৰথম তথা সৰ্ববৃহৎ গণতন্ত্ৰ। দক্ষিণে ভাৰত মহাসাগৰ, পশ্চিমে আৰৱ সাগৰ আৰু পূবে বংগোপসাগৰৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিবেষ্টিত ভাৰতৰ মুঠ উপকূলৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য হ'ল ৭,৫১৭ কিলোমিটাৰ (৪,৬৭১ মাইল)। এই দেশৰ চাৰিসীমাত অৱস্থিত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহ হ'ল- পশ্চিমে পাকিস্তান, উত্তৰ-পূবত চীন, নেপাল আৰু ভূটান, পূবে বাংলাদেশ আৰু ম্যানমাৰ। ভাৰত মহাসাগৰৰ মাজত অৱস্থিত শ্ৰীলংকা, মালদ্বীপ আৰু ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও থাইলেণ্ড ভাৰতৰ নিকতৱৰ্তী ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। হিন্দু সভ্যতাৰ বসতি অঞ্চল তথা ঐতিহাসিক বাণিজ্য পথ আৰু একাধিক বিশাল সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ পটভূমি ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশ ইয়াৰ সুদীৰ্ঘ অৰ্থনৈতিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক ঐতিহ্যৰ বাবে সুপৰিচিত। পৃথিৱীৰ চাৰি প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম- হিন্দু, বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম, জৈন ধৰ্ম আৰু শিখ ধৰ্মৰ উৎপত্তি ভাৰতত। মধ্যযুগৰ আৰম্ভণিতে খ্ৰীষ্টধৰ্ম, ইছলাম, ইহুদী আৰু পাৰ্চী ধৰ্মই ভাৰতৰ দক্ষিণ আৰু পশ্চিম উপকূলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে আৰু বিবিধতাময় ভাৰতীয় সভ্যতাৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে।^১ অষ্টাদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথম ভাগত ইষ্ট ইণ্ডিয়া কোম্পানী ভাৰতত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে আৰু লাহে লাহে ভাৰতৰ ভূ-খণ্ডক নিজৰ অধীন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। ঊনবিংশ শতিকাৰ মাজ ভাগলৈকে সমগ্ৰ ভাৰত ব্ৰিটিছ উপনিবেশত পৰিণত হয়। অৱশেষত অহিংস গৌৰৱময় স্বাধীনতা সংগ্ৰামৰ ফলত ১৯৪৭ চনৰ ১৫ আগষ্টত ভাৰতে এখন স্বাধীন ৰাষ্ট্ৰ হিচাপে আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।

ব্যুৎপত্তি

ভাৰত নামটো ভাৰতীয় মহাকাব্য আৰু ভাৰতৰ সংবিধান উভয়তে পোৱা যায়।^২৩ ইয়াক বিভিন্ন ভাৰতীয় ভাষাত বিভিন্ন ৰূপত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ভাৰত হৈছে পুৰণি নাম ভাৰতবৰ্ষৰ আধুনিক ৰূপ। ইয়াৰ মূল অৰ্থ আছিল ভাৰতৰ উত্তৰ অংশ।^৪৫ ইয়াৰ পৰা ১৯ শতিকাৰ মাজভাগত ভাৰত নামটো অতি জনপ্ৰিয় নাম হৈ পৰে।^৬৭

ভাৰতৰ ইতিহাস

মূল প্ৰবন্ধ: ভাৰতৰ ইতিহাস

ৰাজ্য আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চল

মূল প্ৰবন্ধ: ভাৰতৰ ৰাজ্য আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয়শাসিত অঞ্চলসমূহ

ভাৰতত ২৮ খন ৰাজ্য আৰু ৮ খন কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চল আছে। ৰাজধানী নতুন দিল্লী। ৰাজ্যৰ নিজৰ প্ৰশাসনীয় ব্যৱস্থা আছে। কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চলসমূহ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চৰকাৰে শাসন কৰে। তলত ভাৰতৰ ৰাজ্যসমূহ আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ ৰাজধানীৰ তালিকা দিয়া হৈছে।

1. অন্ধ্ৰপ্ৰদেশ
2. অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ
3. অসম
4. বিহাৰ
5. ছত্তীসগঢ়
6. গোৱা
7. গুজৰাট
8. হাৰিয়ানা
9. হিমাচল প্ৰদেশ
10. ঝাৰখণ্ড
11. কৰ্ণাটক
12. কেৰালা
13. মধ্য প্ৰদেশ
14. মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ
15. মণিপুৰ
16. মেঘালয়
17. মিজোৰাম
18. নাগালেণ্ড
19. ওড়িশা
20. পঞ্জাব
21. ৰাজস্থান
22. ছিক্কিম
23. তামিলনাডু
24. তেলংগানা
25. ত্ৰিপুৰা
26. উত্তৰাখণ্ড
27. উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ
28. পশ্চিমবংগ

কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চল

1. আন্দামান আৰু নিকোবৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ
2. চণ্ডীগড়
3. জম্মু কাশ্মীৰ
4. দাদৰা আৰু নগৰ হাভেলী আৰু দমন আৰু দিউ
5. লাক্ষাদ্বীপ
6. পুডুছেৰী
7. দিল্লী
8. লাডাখ

উল্লেখযোগ্য যে 'দাদৰা আৰু নগৰ হাভেলী' আৰু 'দমন আৰু দিউ' নামৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চল দুটা একেলগ কৰি 'দাদৰা আৰু নগৰ হাভেলী আৰু দমন আৰু দিউ' নামৰ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চল গঠনৰ প্ৰস্তাৱৰ কথা ভাৰত চৰকাৰে ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। উক্ত বিধেয়কখন ২০১৯ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত সংসদত গৃহীত হয় আৰু ২০২০ চনৰ ২৬ জানুৱাৰীৰ পৰা কাৰ্যকৰী হয়।

ৰাজধানী

• নতুন দিল্লী

ভাৰতৰ ভাষা

মূল প্ৰবন্ধ: ভাৰতীয় ভাষা

হিন্দী ভাষা হৈছে ভাৰতৰ অধিকাৰিক (অফিছিয়েল) ভাষা। ইংৰাজীক সহকাৰী অধিকাৰিক ভাষা হিচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়। ৰাজ্য ভেদে স্থানীয় ভাষাক অধিকাৰিক ভাষা হিচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়। ২০০৩ বৰ্ষৰ ৯২তম সংবিধান সংশোধনী অনুসৰি ভাৰতৰ স্বীকৃতিপ্ৰাপ্ত অধিকাৰিক ভাষাৰ সংখ্যা হৈছে ২২টা। এই ভাষাসমূহ হ’ল:

ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতীক

উল্লেখযোগ্য যে হকী ভাৰতৰ 'অনাধিকাৰিক (আন-অ'ফিছিয়েল) ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় খেল'। ২০২০ চনত মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ধুলে জিলাৰ ময়ূৰেশ আগৰৱাল নামৰ এজন শিক্ষকে আৰ.টি.আই. (তথ্য জনাৰ অধিকাৰ)ৰ অধীনত ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় খেল হকী হয় নে নহয় এই সন্দৰ্ভত উত্তৰ বিচাৰি কেন্দ্ৰীয় চৰকাৰৰ ক্ৰীড়া আৰু যুৱ কল্যাণ মন্ত্ৰালয়লৈ আবেদন জনায়। তাৰ উত্তৰত চৰকাৰে জানিবলৈ দিয়ে যে ভাৰত চৰকাৰৰ দ্বাৰা হকী এতিয়াও ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় খেল হিচাপে অনুমোদিত বা গৃহীত হোৱা নাই।

অধিক পঢ়ক

Overview

• India. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency
• (December 2004). Country Profile: India. Library of Congress Country Studies. দ্য লাইব্ৰেৰী অব্ কংগ্ৰেছ Federal Research Division
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• (24 January 1950). Constituent Assembly of India—Volume XII. Constituent Assembly of India: Debates. National Informatics Centre, Government of India
• (6 January 2007). There's No National Language in India: Gujarat High Court. The Times Of India
• (2011). Human Development Report 2011. ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ

Etymology

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• ((Oxford English Dictionary)). Oxford University Press

History

• Asher, C. B.; Talbot, C. (1 January 2008). India Before Europe. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521517508
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• Copland, I. (8 October 2001). India 1885–1947: The Unmaking of an Empire. Longman. ISBN 978-0582381735
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• Ludden, D. (13 June 2002). India and South Asia: A Short History. One World. ISBN 978-1851682379
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• (17 December 2009). Briefing Rooms: India. Economic Research Service. যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৃষি বিভাগ
• Thapar, Romila. (2003). Penguin history of early India: from the origins to A.D.1300. Penguin Books
• Wolpert, S. (25 December 2003). A New History of India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195166781

Geography

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• (1988). Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments Made in 1988. Department of Environment and Forests, Government of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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• (2007). India Yearbook 2007. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, ভাৰত চৰকাৰ. ISBN 978-8123014234
• Posey, C. A. (1 November 1994). The Living Earth Book of Wind and Weather. Reader's Digest. ISBN 978-0895776259
• Prakash, B.; Kumar, S.; Rao, M. S. (2000). Holocene Tectonic Movements and Stress Field in the Western Gangetic Plains. Current Science. পৃ. 438–449

Biodiversity

• Ali, S. (author); Ripley, S. D. (author); Dick, J. H. (illustrator). (15 August 1996). A Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195637328
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• Griffiths, M. (6 July 2010). The Lotus Quest: In Search of the Sacred Flower. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0312641481
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• Mace, G. M. (March 1994). 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. World Conservation Monitoring Centre. International Union for Conservation of Nature. ISBN 978-2831701943
• Biosphere Reserves of India. C. P. R. Environment Education Centre. Ministry of Environment and Forests, ভাৰত চৰকাৰ
• (9 September 1972). Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Ministry of Environments and Forests, Government of India
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• (4 June 2007). The List of Wetlands of International Importance. The Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands. পৃ. 18
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Politics

• Bhambhri, C. P. (1 May 1992). Politics in India, 1991–1992. Shipra. ISBN 978-8185402178
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• (16 May 2009). Second UPA Win, A Crowning Glory for Sonia's Ascendancy. Business Standard
• Chander, N. J. (1 January 2004). Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-8180690921
• Dunleavy, P.; Diwakar, R.; Dunleavy, C. (2007). The Effective Space of Party Competition. London School of Economics and Political Science
• Dutt, S. (1998). Identities and the Indian State: An Overview. Third World Quarterly. পৃ. 411–434
• Echeverri-Gent, J. (January 2002). Quickening the Pace of Change. India Briefing. M. E. Sharpe. পৃ. 19–53. ISBN 978-0765608123
• (14 March 2009). Current Recognised Parties. ভাৰতৰ নিৰ্বাচন আয়োগ
• Gledhill, A. (30 March 1970). The Republic of India: The Development of its Laws and Constitution. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0837128139
• (24 December 2004). Narasimha Rao Passes Away. দ্য হিন্দু
• Mathew, K. M. (1 January 2003). Manorama Yearbook. Malayala Manorama. ISBN 978-8190046183
• National Symbols of India. Know India. National Informatics Centre, ভাৰত চৰকাৰ
• Neuborne, B. (2003). The Supreme Court of India. International Journal of Constitutional Law. পৃ. 476–510
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• World's Largest Democracy to Reach One Billion Persons on Independence Day. United Nations Population Division
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Foreign relations and military

• Alford, P. (7 July 2008). G8 Plus 5 Equals Power Shift. The Australian
• Behera, L. K. (7 March 2011). Budgeting for India's Defence: An Analysis of Defence Budget 2011–2012. Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
• (11 February 2009). Russia Agrees India Nuclear Deal. BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation
• Curry, B. (27 June 2010). Canada Signs Nuclear Deal with India. The Globe and Mail
• (8 April 2008). India, Europe Strategic Relations. Europa: Summaries of EU Legislation. ইউৰোপিয়ান ইউনিয়ন
• Ghosh, A. (1 September 2009). India's Foreign Policy. Pearson. ISBN 978-8131710258
• Gilbert, M. (17 December 2002). A History of the Twentieth Century. William Morrow. ISBN 978-0060505943
• (5 October 2009). India, Russia Review Defence Ties. দ্য হিন্দু
• Kumar, A. V. (1 May 2010). Reforming the NPT to Include India. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists
• Miglani, S. (28 February 2011). With An Eye on China, India Steps Up Defence Spending. Reuters
• Nair, V. K. (2007). No More Ambiguity: India's Nuclear Policy
• Pandit, R. (27 July 2009). N-Submarine to Give India Crucial Third Leg of Nuke Triad. দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া
• Perkovich, G. (5 November 2001). India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520232105
• (25 January 2008). India, France Agree on Civil Nuclear Cooperation. Rediff
• (13 February 2010). UK, India Sign Civil Nuclear Accord. Reuters
• Ripsman, N. M.; Paul, T. V. (18 March 2010). Globalization and the National Security State. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195393903
• Rothermund, D. (17 October 2000). The Routledge Companion to Decolonization. Routledge Companions to History. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415356329
• (10 January 2011). India Gets Its First Homegrown Fighter Jet. RIA Novosti
• Sharma, S. R. (1 January 1999). India–USSR Relations 1947–1971: From Ambivalence to Steadfastness. Discovery. ISBN 978-8171414864<!--8171414869-->
• Shukla, A. (5 March 2011). China Matches India's Expansion in Military Spending. Business Standard
• Sisodia, N. S.; Naidu, G. V. C. (2005). Changing Security Dynamic in Eastern Asia: Focus on Japan. Promilla. ISBN 978-8186019528<!--8186019529-->
• (8 August 2008). SIPRI Yearbook 2008: Armaments, Disarmament, and International Security. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199548958
• (14 March 2011). India World's Largest Arms Importer According to New SIPRI Data on International Arms Transfers. Stockholm International Peace Research Initiative
• (11 October 2008). India, US Sign 123 Agreement. দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া

Economy

• Alamgir, J. (24 December 2008). India's Open-Economy Policy: Globalism, Rivalry, Continuity. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0415776844
• Bonner, B. (20 March 2010). Make Way, World. India Is on the Move. Christian Science Monitor
• (18 November 2010). India Lost $462bn in Illegal Capital Flows, Says Report. BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation
• (9 April 2010). India Second Fastest Growing Auto Market After China. Business Line
• (8 October 2011). India's Economy: Not Just Rubies and Polyester Shirts. The Economist
• (13 October 2009). Indian Car Exports Surge 36%. Express India
• (April 2011). Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand. আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি
• Farrell, D.; Beinhocker, E. (19 May 2007). Next Big Spenders: India's Middle Class. McKinsey & Company
• Gargan, E. A. (15 August 1992). India Stumbles in Rush to a Free Market Economy. The New York Times
• (June 2011). World Economic Outlook Update. আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুদ্ৰা নিধি
• Nayak, P. B.; Goldar, B.; Agrawal, P. (10 November 2010). India's Economy and Growth: Essays in Honour of V. K. R. V. Rao. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-8132104520
• Olson, R. G. (21 December 2009). Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations. Praeger Series on the Ancient World. Praeger. ISBN 978-0275989361
• (October 2007). Economic Survey of India 2007: Policy Brief. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• Pal, P.; Ghosh, J. (July 2007). Inequality in India: A Survey of Recent Trends. Economic and Social Affairs: DESA Working Paper No. 45. ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ
• (January2011). The World in 2050: The Accelerating Shift of Global Economic Power: Challenges and Opportunities. PricewaterhouseCoopers
• Schwab, K. (2010). The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011. World Economic Forum
• Sheth, N. (28 May 2009). Outlook for Outsourcing Spending Brightens. The Wall Street Journal
• (6 April 2011). Information Note to the Press (Press Release No.29 /2011). Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
• (28 August 2009). Exporters Get Wider Market Reach. দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া
• (26 October 2011). Corruption Perception Index 2010—India Continues to be Corrupt. Transparency International
• New Global Poverty Estimates—What It Means for India. বিশ্ব বেংক
• India: Undernourished Children—A Call for Reform and Action. বিশ্ব বেংক
• (29 May 2006). Inclusive Growth and Service Delivery: Building on India's Success. বিশ্ব বেংক
• (September 2010). India Country Overview September 2010. বিশ্ব বেংক
• (26 March 2010). Trade to Expand by 9.5% in 2010 After a Dismal 2009, WTO Reports. World Trade Organisation
• Yep, E. (27 September 2011). ReNew Wind Power Gets $201 Million Goldman Investment. The Wall Street Journal

Demographics

• Bonner, A. (1990). Averting the Apocalypse: Social Movements in India Today. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822310488
• (January 2009). Healthcare in India: Report Highlights. Boston Analytics
• Dev, S. M.; Rao, N. C. (2009). India: Perspectives on Equitable Development. Academic Foundation. ISBN 978-8171886852
• Dharwadker, A. (28 October 2010). Representing the Past: Essays in Performance Historiography. University of Iowa Press. ISBN 978-1587299056
• Drèze, J.; Goyal, A. (9 February 2009). School Health Services in India: The Social and Economic Contexts. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-8178298733
• Dyson, T.; Visaria, P. (7 July 2005). Twenty-First Century India: Population, Economy, Human Development, and the Environment. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199283828
• Garg, S. C. (19 April 2005). Mobilizing Urban Infrastructure Finance in India. বিশ্ব বেংক
• Mallikarjun, B. (November 2004). Fifty Years of Language Planning for Modern Hindi—The Official Language of India. Language in India
• (27 April 1960). Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L. Ministry of Home Affairs, ভাৰত চৰকাৰ
• (2010–2011). Religious Composition. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Ministry of Home Affairs, ভাৰত চৰকাৰ
• (2010–2011). Census Data 2001. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Ministry of Home Affairs, ভাৰত চৰকাৰ
• Ottenheimer, H. J. (2008). The Anthropology of Language: An Introduction to Linguistic Anthropology. Cengage. ISBN 978-0495508847
• Ratna, U. (2007). City, Society, and Planning. Concept. ISBN 978-8180694592
• Robinson, S. (1 May 2008). India's Medical Emergency. Time
• Rorabacher, J. A. (2010). Hunger and Poverty in South Asia. Gyan. ISBN 978-8121210270
• Singh, S. (2004). Library and Literacy Movement for National Development. Concept. ISBN 978-8180690655
• Skolnik, R. L. (2008). Essentials of Global Health. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-0763734213
• (November 2006). Country Cooperation Strategy: India. বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা

Culture

• Binmore, K. G. (27 March 2007). Playing for Real: A Text on Game Theory. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195300574
• (1 August 2010). Saina Nehwal: India's Badminton Star and "New Woman". BBC News
• (7 October 2010). Commonwealth Games 2010: India Dominate Shooting Medals. BBC News
• (2 March 2007). UN Report Slams India for Caste Discrimination. CBC News Network. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
• Cullen-Dupont, K. (July 2009). Human Trafficking. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0816075454
• Das, S. K. (1 January 2005). A History of Indian Literature, 500–1399: From Courtly to the Popular. সাহিত্য অকাডেমি. ISBN 978-8126021710
• Datta, A. (2006). The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. সাহিত্য অকাডেমি. ISBN 978-8126011940
• Dehejia, R. S. (7 November 2011). Indian Grand Prix Vs. Encephalitis?. The Wall Street Journal
• Deutsch, E. (30 April 1969). Advaita Vedānta: A Philosophical Reconstruction. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0824802714
• Dissanayake, W. K.; Gokulsing, M. (May 2004). Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change. Trentham Books. ISBN 978-1858563299
• (18 November 2009). Southern Movies Account for over 75% of Film Revenues. The Economic Times
• South Asian Arts. Encyclopædia Britannica
• (2008). Tamil Literature. Encyclopædia Britannica
• Eraly, A. (2008). India. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0756649524
• Hart, G. L. (August 1975). Poems of Ancient Tamil: Their Milieu and Their Sanskrit Counterparts. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520026728
• Heehs, P. (editor). (1 September 2002). Indian Religions: A Historical Reader of Spiritual Expression and Experience. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0814736500
• Hoiberg, D.; Ramchandani, I. (2000). Students' Britannica India: Select Essays. Popular Prakashan. ISBN 978-0852297629
• Johnson, W. J. (editor, translator). (1 September 2008). The Sauptikaparvan of the Mahabharata: The Massacre at Night. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192823618
• Jones; Ramdas, K. (2005). (Un)tying the Knot: Ideal and Reality in Asian Marriage. National University of Singapore Press. ISBN 978-9810514280
• Kālidāsa; Johnson, W. J. (15 November 2001). The Recognition of Śakuntalā: A Play in Seven Acts. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0192839114
• Karanth, S. K. (October 2002). Yakṣagāna. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-8170173571
• Kiple, K. F. (editor); Ornelas, K. C. (editor). (2000). The Cambridge World History of Food. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521402163
• Kuiper, K. (editor). (1 July 2010). The Culture of India. Britannica Educational Publishing. ISBN 978-1615302031
• Kumar, V. (January 2000). Vastushastra. All You Wanted to Know About Series. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 978-8120721999
• Lal, A. (2004). The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195644463
• MacDonell, A. A. (2004). A History of Sanskrit Literature. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 978-1417906192
• Majumdar, B.; Bandyopadhyay, K. (2006). A Social History of Indian Football: Striving To Score. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415348355
• Makar, E. M. (2007). An American's Guide to Doing Business in India. Adams. ISBN 978-1598692112
• Massey, R.; Massey, J. (1998). The Music of India. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-8170173328
• Medora, N. (2003). Mate Selection Across Cultures. SAGE Publications. পৃ. 209–230. ISBN 978-0761925927
• (24 September 2010). Is Boxing the New Cricket?. Mint
• Nakamura, H. (1 April 1999). Indian Buddhism: A Survey with Bibliographical Notes. Buddhist Tradition Series. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-8120802728
• Raichlen, S. (10 May 2011). A Tandoor Oven Brings India's Heat to the Backyard. The New York Times
• Rajadhyaksha, A. (editor); Willemen (editor), P. (22 January 1999). Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema. British Film Institute. ISBN 978-0851706696
• Ramanujan, A. K. (translator). (15 October 1985). poems are 'classical,' i.e. early, ancient; they are also 'classics,' i.e. works that have stood the test of time, the founding works of a whole tradition. Not to know them is not to know a unique and major poetic achievement of Indian civilisation. Early classical Tamil literature (c. 100 BC–AD 250) consists of the Eight Anthologies (Eţţuttokai), the Ten Long Poems (Pattuppāţţu), and a grammar called the Tolkāppiyam or the 'Old Composition.' .. The literature of classical Tamil later came to be known as Cankam (pronounced Sangam) literature.--> Poems of Love and War: From the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Long Poems of Classical Tamil. Columbia University Press. পৃ. ix–x. ISBN 978-0231051071
• (29 October 2008). Anand Crowned World Champion. Rediff
• Sarma, S. (1 January 2009). A History of Indian Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-8120802643
• Schwartzberg, J. (2011). India. Encyclopædia Britannica
• Tarlo, E. (1 September 1996). Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226789767
• (9 August 2010). Sawant Shoots Historic Gold at World Championships. দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া
• (11 September 2009). India Aims for Center Court. The Wall Street Journal
• Xavier. (12 September 2010). Sushil Kumar Wins Gold in World Wrestling Championship. দ্য টাইম্‌ছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া
• Yadav, S. S.; McNeil, D.; Stevenson, P. C. (23 October 2007). it has been red lentils which have "fed the masses" particularly in the Indian subcontinent. Lentils are a staple food in many regions.--> Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times. Springer. ISBN 978-1402063121
• Zvelebil, K. V. (1 August 1997). Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-9004093652

বাহ্যিক সংযোগ

• National Portal of the Government of India
• India profile from the BBC News
• India Encyclopædia Britannica entry
• India at the UCB Government Information Library