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1. ↑ Jawid Mojaddedi. (2004). Rumi, Jalal al-Din. The Masnavi, Book One. Oxford University Press (Kindle Edition). পৃ. xix
2. ↑ Gardet, Louis. (1977). The Cambridge History of Islam, Part VIII: Islamic Society and Civilization. Cambridge University Press. পৃ. 586
3. ↑ C.E. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkmen must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the 13th century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose Mathnawī, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the cro
4. ↑ (9 August 2010). Interview: 'Many Americans Love Rumi..But They Prefer He Not Be Muslim'. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty
5. ↑ Interview: A mystical journey with Rumi. Asia Times
6. ↑ Haviland, Charles. (30 September 2007). The roar of Rumi—800 years on. BBC News
7. ↑ Dîvân-i Kebîr Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī. OMI – Old Manuscripts & Incunabula
8. ↑ Ciabattari, Jane. (21 October 2014). Why is Rumi the best-selling poet in the US?. BBC News
9. ↑ Tompkins, Ptolemy. (29 October 2002). Rumi Rules!. Time
10. ↑ Mojaddedi, Jawid. (2004). Rumi, Jalal al-Din. The Masnavi, Book One. Oxford University Press (Kindle Edition). পৃ. xix
11. ↑ Abdul Rahman Jami notes: > من چه گویم وصف آن عالی‌جناب — نیست پیغمبر ولی دارد کتاب مثنویّ معنویّ مولوی — هست قرآن در زبان پهلوی > What can I say in praise of that great one? He is not a Prophet but has come with a book; The Spiritual Masnavi of Mowlavi Is the Qur'an in the language of Pahlavi (Persian). (Khawaja Abdul Hamid Irfani, "The Sayings of Rumi and Iqbal", Bazm-e-Rumi, 1976.)
12. ↑ Mojaddedi, Jawid. (2004). Rumi, Jalal al-Din. The Masnavi, Book One. Oxford University Press (Kindle Edition). পৃ. xii–xiii
13. ↑ Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). p. 306: "The manuscripts versions differ greatly in the size of the text and orthography. Nicholson’s text has 25,577 lines though the average medieval and early modern manuscripts contained around 27,000 lines, meaning the scribes added two thousand lines or about eight percent more to the poem composed by Rumi. Some manuscripts give as many as 32,000!"
14. ↑ Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi (2008), p. 314: "The Foruzanfar's edition of the Divan-e Shams compromises 3229 ghazals and qasidas making a total of almost 35000 lines, not including several hundred lines of stanzaic poems and nearly two thousand quatrains attributed to him”
15. ↑ Dar al-Masnavi Website, accessed December 2009: According to the Dar al-Masnavi website: “In Forûzânfar's edition of Rumi's Divan, there are 90 ghazals (Vol. 1, 29; Vol. 2, 1; Vol. 3, 6; Vol. 4, 8; Vol. 5, 19, Vol. 6, 0; Vol. 7, 27) and 19 quatrains entirely in Arabic. In addition, there are ghazals which are all Arabic except for the final line; many have one or two lines in Arabic within the body of the poem; some have as many as 9–13 consecutive lines in Arabic, with Persian verses preceding and following; some have alternating lines in Persian, then Arabic; some have the first half of the verse in Persian, the second half in Arabic.”
16. ↑ Mecdut MensurOghlu: “The Divan of Jalal al-Din Rumi contains 35 couplets in Turkish and Turkish-Persian which have recently been published me” (Celal al-Din Rumi’s turkische Verse: UJb. XXIV (1952), pp. 106–115)
17. ↑ Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi (2008): "a couple of dozen at most of the 35,000 lines of the Divan-I Shams are in Turkish, and almost all of these lines occur in poems that are predominantly in Persian"
18. ↑ Δέδες, Δ. (1993). Ποιήματα του Μαυλανά Ρουμή. Τα Ιστορικά. পৃ. 3–22
19. ↑ Nicholas, Nick. (22 April 2009). Greek Verses of Rumi & Sultan Walad. Opoudjis
20. ↑ Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teaching, and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi (2008): "Three poems have bits of demotic Greek; these have been identified and translated into French, along with some Greek verses of Sultan Valad. Golpinarli (GM 416–417) indicates according to Vladimir Mir Mirughli, the Greek used in some of Rumi's macaronic poems reflects the demotic Greek of the inhabitants of Anatolia. Golpinarli then argues that Rumi knew classical Persian and Arabic with precision, but typically composes poems in a more popular or colloquial Persian and Arabic."
21. ↑ Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West — The Life, Teachings, and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, Oneworld Publications, 2000, Chapter 7
22. ↑ Lewis, Franklin: "On the question of Rumi's multilingualism (pp. 315–317), we may still say that he spoke and wrote in Persian as a native language, wrote and conversed in Arabic as a learned "foreign" language and could at least get by at the market in Turkish and Greek (although some wildly extravagant claims have been made about his command of Attic Greek, or his native tongue being Turkish) (Lewis 2008:xxi). (Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, 2008). Lewis also points out that: "Living among Turks, Rumi also picked up some colloquial Turkish." (Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi, 2008, p. 315). He also mentions Rumi composed thirteen lines in Greek (Franklin Lewis, ''Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din
23. ↑ Annemarie Schimmel, The Triumphal Sun: A Study of the Works of Jalaloddin Rumi, SUNY Press, 1993, p. 193: "Rumi's mother tongue was Persian, but he had learned during his stay in Konya, enough Turkish and Greek to use it, now and then, in his verse."
24. ↑ Meyer, Gustav. (1895). Die griechischen Verse im Rabâbnâma.. Byzantinische Zeitschrift
25. ↑ (22 April 2009). Greek Verses of Rumi & Sultan Walad. uci.edu
26. ↑ (30 January 2015). Rumi work translated into Kurdish. Hürriyet Daily News
27. ↑ Seyyed, Hossein Nasr. (1987). Islamic Art and Spirituality. Suny Press. পৃ. 115
28. ↑ Rahman, Aziz. (27 August 2015). Nazrul: The rebel and the romantic. Daily Sun
29. ↑ Khan, Mahmudur Rahman. (30 September 2018). A tribute to Jalaluddin Rumi. Daily Sun