এইখন সাৰ্বভৌম ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ তালিকাত বিশ্বৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহৰ এক আভাস দিয়া হৈছে আৰু ইয়াৰ সাৰ্বভৌমত্বৰ অৱস্থা আৰু স্বীকৃতিৰ তথ্য দিয়া হৈছে।
তালিকাখনত ২০৬ টা প্ৰৱেশ পত্ৰ আছে। ৰাজ্যসমূহক দুটা সুকীয়া পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছে:
- ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ব্যৱস্থাৰ স্তম্ভৰ ভিতৰৰ সদস্য সংখ্যাই ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহক দুটা ভাগত বিভক্ত কৰে: ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ১৯৩খন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰ আৰু এখন পৰ্যবেক্ষক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ,১ আৰু আন ১২খন ৰাষ্ট্ৰ।
সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব বিবাদ স্তম্ভত ৰাজ্যসমূহক দুটা ভাগত বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছে: ১৬খন ৰাজ্য যাৰ সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব বিবাদ আৰু ১৯০খন অন্যান্য ৰাজ্য এই ধৰণৰ তালিকা প্ৰস্তুত কৰাটো এটা কঠিন আৰু বিতৰ্কিত প্ৰক্ৰিয়া হ’ব পাৰে, কিয়নো ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ মাপকাঠী সম্পৰ্কে জাতি সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ সকলো সদস্যৰ বাবে বাধ্যতামূলক কোনো সংজ্ঞা নাই। এই তালিকাৰ বিষয়বস্তু নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা মাপকাঠীৰ বিষয়ে অধিক তথ্যৰ বাবে অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি তলৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্তিৰ বাবে মাপকাঠী অংশ চাওক। criteria for inclusion
দেশসমূহৰ তালিকা
| চমু আৰু পৰিচিত নাম | Membership within the UN System | Sovereignty dispute | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty |
|---|---|---|---|
| A AAA | A AAA | A AAA | |
| ZZZ↓ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ or observer states ↓ | A AAA | ZZZ | |
| ZZZAbkhazia → Abkhazia | ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | নাই | |
| – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of Albania | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Principality of Andorra | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,২ who himself is appointed by the Vatican. | |
| – Republic of Angola | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm৩ with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.৪৫ | ||
| – Argentine Republic৬ | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Argentina is a Federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city. Argentina claims sovereignty over the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom.৭ Argentina claims Argentine Antarctica as part of its national territory, officially a department of the province of Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands, which overlaps with the claims of the UK and Chile.৮৯ | |
| – Republic of Armenia | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | Not recognised by Pakistan১০১১ | |
| – Commonwealth of Australia | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Australia is a Commonwealth realm৩ and a Federation of 6 states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are: * * ৮ * * * * * | |
| – Republic of Austria | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Member of the EU. Austria is a Federation of 9 states (Bundesländer). | |
| – Republic of Azerbaijan | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Azerbaijan contains 2 autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).৪ In Nagorno-Karabakh, a de facto state has been established. | |
| – Commonwealth of The Bahamas | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.৩ | |
| – Kingdom of Bahrain | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – People's Republic of Bangladesh | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.৩ | ||
| – Republic of Belarus | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Kingdom of Belgium | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Member of the EU. Belgium is a Federation divided into linguistic communities and regions. | |
| A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Belize is a Commonwealth realm.৩ | ||
| – Republic of Benin১২ | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Kingdom of Bhutan | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Plurinational State of Bolivia | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of 2 constituent units: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska.১৩ | ||
| – Republic of Botswana | Aৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Federative Republic of Brazil | Aৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Brazil is a Federation of 26 states and 1 federal district. | |
| – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Brunei claims sovereignty over part of the Spratly Islands.১৪ | |
| – Republic of Bulgaria | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Member of the EU. | |
| ১৫ | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of the Union of Myanmar১৬১৭ | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of Burundi | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Kingdom of Cambodia | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of Cameroon | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| ১৮ | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Canada is a Commonwealth realm৩ and a federation of 10 provinces and 3 territories. | |
| – Republic of Cape Verde | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | ||
| – Republic of Chad | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of Chile | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands are "special territories" of Chile in the Valparaíso Region. Chile claims part of Antarctica as a commune in its Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. Its claim overlaps with those of the UK and Argentina.৮ | |
| – People's Republic of China১৯ | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | The People's Republic of China (PRC) contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.৪ Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of: * * It also claims: * টাইৱান and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and Itu Aba, which are governed by the Republic of China (which claims sovereignty over the whole of China);২০ * The Paracel Islands (disputed);২১ * The Spratly Islands (disputed);১৪ * South Tibet (governed by India as part of অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ). Aksai Chin, controlled by the PRC, is claimed by India as a part of জম্মু আৰু কাশ্মীৰ.২২ The PRC is not recognised by 22 UN member states and the Holy See, which instead recognise the ROC.২৩ | |
| China, Republic of (Taiwan) → Taiwan | ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | নাই | |
| – Republic of Colombia | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Union of the Comoros | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই Comoros is a Federation of 3 islands, and claims Mayotte, currently part of France, as a fourth.২৪২৫ Comoros also disputes French sovereignty over Banc du Geyser.৭ | |
| (Congo-Kinshasa)২৬ | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| (Congo-Brazzaville) | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| ZZZCook Islands → Cook Islands | ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | নাই | |
| – Republic of Costa Rica | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of Croatia | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of Cuba | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | A নাই | |
| – Republic of Cyprus | A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ | Not recognised by Turkey and Northern Cyprus Member of the EU. The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute. তুৰস্ক refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as "The Greek Cypriot Administration of South Cyprus".২৭ | |
| |A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ |A নাই Member of the EU. | |||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the |UN member state |নাই | |||
| – Kingdom of Denmark |A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ |A নাই Member of the EU. The Danish Realm also includes two self-governing territories: * (Føroyar/Færøerne) * (Kalaallit Nunaat/Grønland) | |||
| – Republic of Djibouti |A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ |A নাই | |||
| – Commonwealth of Dominica |A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ |A নাই | |||
| |A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ |A নাই | |||
| – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste |Aৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ |A নাই | |||
| – Republic of Ecuador |A ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য দেশ |A নাই | |||
| – Arab Repub | |||
| D Member of some UN specialized agencies | A নাই A state in free association with New Zealand, recognized by China.২৮ Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity. It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship. | ||
| – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | D No membership | Claimed by চাইপ্ৰাছ Recognised only by Turkey. It has participated as an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation under the name "Turkish Cypriot State" since 1979. In addition, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic regards TRNC as sovereign but Azerbaijan has not followed suit. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.২৯ | |
| – State of Palestine | D Member of one UN specialized agency | The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from states. The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on the territory that it proclaimed. The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization, which has permanent o | |
| – Republic of South Ossetia | D No membership | A de facto independent state,৩০ recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela, Abkhazia and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.৩১ | |
| – Republic of China১৯ | D Former UN member state; Participant in some UN related organizations as "Chinese Taipei" | A state competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of টাইৱান and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands,১৪ and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.৩২ The Republic of China is recognised by . The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.২০ The Republic of China participates in the বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the World Trade Organization, International Olympic Committee and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei". The Republic of China was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the security council. See China and the United Nations. | |
| – Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (Pridnestrovie, Trans-Dniester) | D No membership | A de facto independent state, recognised only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Territorial Unit of Transnistria.৩৩ | |
| ZZZ↑ Other states ↑ | D ZZZ | ZZZ | |
| ZZZZ | ZZZZ | ZZZZ |
অন্তৰ্ভুক্তিৰ চৰ্তসমূহ
The dominant Customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood that defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) capacity to enter into relations with the other states." Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood, an example of which can be found in the Montevideo Convention, argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognized as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:
- (a) have declared independence and are often regarded as having control over a permanently populated territory
or
- (b) are recognized as a sovereign state by at least one other sovereign state
Note that in some cases there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed.
On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 206 entities:৩৪৩৫
- 203 states recognized by at least one UN member state
- Two states that control a permanently populated territory and are recognized only by non-UN member states: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Transnistria
- One state that controls a permanently populated territory and is not recognized by any other state: Somaliland
আৰু চাওক
- আন্তৰ্জাতিক মান সংস্থা ৩১৬৬-১
- List of countries and capitals in native languages
- List of country-name etymologies
- List of international rankings
- List of micronations
- List of sovereign states by date of formation
- Lists of sovereign states by year
- List of states with limited recognition
- List of territorial disputes
- Sovereign state
- Table of administrative divisions by country
- Clickable world map
- Terra nullius
গ্ৰ্ন্থ সংযোগ
- Federal Foreign Office of Germany. (22 April 2009). Amtliche Bezeichnungen ausländischer Staaten in den Landessprachen. Government of Germany
- (1995). The World: A Third World Guide: 1995/96. Instituto del Tercer Mundo. ISBN 978-0-85598-291-1
- (1 April 2010). Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations. Statistics Division, United Nations
- Davis, Tim. (19 February 2009). World Countries and States List. Timdavis.com.au
- (7 September 2000). Geographic Names. Department of Public Information, Cartographic Section, United Nations
- (2010). ISO 3166-1 Country names and code elements. International Organization for Standardization
- (4 May 2010). List of countries, territories and currencies. Publications Office of the European Union
- Madore, David. (3 August 2003). How many countries are there in the world?. Madore.org
- (2010). The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency
- World of Information (Firm), and International Chamber of Commerce. (2003). Middle East Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report. Kogan Page. পৃ. 161. ISBN 978-0-7494-4066-4
তথ্যসূত্ৰ
- ↑ (3 July 2006). United Nations Member States. United Nations
- ↑ Andorra country profile. BBC News
- ↑ Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms
- ↑ For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country
- ↑ Government of Antigua and Barbuda. Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act. Laws of Antigua and Barbuda
- ↑ The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation
- ↑ Disputes - International. CIA World Factbook
- ↑ The continent of এণ্টাৰ্কটিকা, including its outlying islands south of 60°S, are held in abeyance under the terms of the Antarctic Treaty System. Under this treaty, territorial claims in this region are neither recognised nor disputed. Claimant countries are Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom, with all those save Argentina and Chile mutually recognising each others claims
- ↑ Government of the United States, Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. (1989). Polar prospects: a minerals treaty for Antarctica. United States Government Printing Office. পৃ. 43. ISBN 978-1-4289-2232-7 "Mutual recognition of claims has been limited to Australia, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom ... Chile and Argentina do not recognize each other's claims ..."
- ↑ Pakistan Worldview - Report 21 - Visit to Azerbaijan Senate of Pakistan — Senate foreign relations committee, 2008
- ↑ Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country" 13 September 2006 [14:03] - Today.Az
- ↑ Formerly referred to as Dahomey, its official name until 1975
- ↑ For more information about the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, see Dayton Agreement and the text of The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (14 December 1995). Office of the High Representative. Retrieved 28 February 2011
- ↑ The sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, ভিয়েটনাম, and in part by Brunei, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Except for Brunei, each of these countries occupies part of the islands (see List of territorial disputes)
- ↑ Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984
- ↑ Burma's official short form name as used by the United Nations is "Myanmar". The government changed the state's official name in English from "Union of Myanmar" to "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" in October 2010
- ↑ (21 October 2010). Myanmar gets new flag, official name, anthem. Reuters
- ↑ The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion
- ↑ The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, along with other names
- ↑ In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and the Legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories currently under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advoca
- ↑ The Chinese sovereignty over the Paracel Islands is disputed by ভিয়েটনাম and the Republic of China (see List of territorial disputes)
- ↑ Sovereignty over Kashmir is disputed between India and Pakistan; smaller parts are disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. Kashmir is divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the List of territorial disputes
- ↑ See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China
- ↑ More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations
- ↑ Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1
- ↑ Abbreviated as DRC, and also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997
- ↑ SeeRepublic of Turkey Ministry for European Union Affairs Retrieved June 12, 2012''.
- ↑ (2007-12-19). Joint Comminuque on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between Niue and the People's Republic of China. Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Lithuania
- ↑ See The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006''.
- ↑ Jansen, Dinah. (2009). The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm. Geopolitics vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security. Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie. পৃ. 222–242. ISBN 978-1-896440-61-3
- ↑ (2008-08-26). Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions. CNN.com. Cable News Network
- ↑ (2008-10-08). Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview. Taipei Times
- ↑ 'See Regions and territories'': Trans-Dniester (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006
- ↑ The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries
- ↑ The non-state sovereign entity Order of Malta is not included. It claims neither statehood nor any territory. Entities considered to be Micronations are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all Uncontacted peoples, either who live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are not definitively known
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