ভাৱাইয়া

তথ্যসূত্ৰ

1. ↑ Rahman, Urmi. (2014). Bangladesh - culture smart!: the essential guide to customs & culture. Kuperard. পৃ. 121. ISBN 978-1-85733-696-2
2. ↑ Ahmed, A. F. Salahuddin; Chowdhury, Bazlul Mobin. (2004). Bangladesh, national culture, and heritage: an introductory reader. University of Michigan. পৃ. 407. ISBN 984-8509-00-3
3. ↑ Khan, Mobarak Hossain. (1988). Music and its study. Sterling Publishers. পৃ. 69. ISBN 81-207-0764-8
4. ↑ "The Goalpariya folk music genre (which combines both song and dance), originating in the Goalpara region of Assam, contains several characteristic yet diverse themes, principally spirituality, longing, desire, and separation. Based on these themes, the songs and dances are categorized into different groups. Two important categories of Goalpariya lokageet (the Assamese term for folk music) are bhawaiya and chatka." Sarma Monteiro 2019, পৃ. 331
5. ↑ "(T)he popular image that the term bhawaiya still conjures up is a form of plaintive ballads that speak of love and loss and endless longing within a woman's heart." Dutta 2019a
6. ↑ Sarma Monteiro 2019, পৃ. 332
7. ↑ "There is an approximate consensus that the origins of the form may be dated back to at least the sixteenth century, during the reign of Raja Bishwa Sinha, who established the kingdom of Koch Bihar."Dutta 2019a
8. ↑ "The initial set of changes started to unfold in the 1950s when the folk genre was transferred from its natural setting to the 'stage'. Although initially the performances were confined to Goalpara, gradually they began to be staged across Assam. With the technological revolution and the opening up of the economy in the 1990s, Goalpariya lokageet began entering the realm of the Internet, giving global audiences access. Sarma Monteiro 2019, পৃ. 334
9. ↑ "(B)hawaiya developed as an integral cultural expression of the Rajbanshis, and these songs are composed in Rajbanshi (or Kamrupi or Kamtapuri), the most widely spoken Bengali dialect across this belt. Despite the influence of Brahminical Hinduism, Islam and Vaishnavism over the preceding centuries, the popular culture of these communities has retained matriarchal influences, evident from the many extant folk rituals and practices." Dutta 2019a
10. ↑ Alom, Zahangir. (5 June 2018). Eid albums from Bengal. The Daily Star
11. ↑ "[W]hen Mahouts went away (often to Bhutan, which was close to Goalpara and is sometimes mentioned in the songs) to catch the elephants, they were unable to return home for six months to a year. Their wives, who stayed at home, would express the pangs of separation and loneliness through these lokageet. Hence, the element of biraha, 'deep emotion', comes out very strongly through such songs." Sarma Monteiro 2019
12. ↑ (Nov 13, 2012). Bangladeshi filmmaker idolises Ritwik Ghatak. News Track India
13. ↑ Bhawaiya. Banglapedia