জিজিয়া

তথ্যসূত্ৰ

1. ↑ Abdel-Haleem, Muhammad. (2010). Understanding the Qur'ān: Themes and Style. I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd. পৃ. 70, 79. ISBN 978-1845117894
2. ↑ Abou Al-Fadl 2002, পৃ. 21
3. ↑ Jizyah The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (2010), Oxford University Press
4. ↑ M. Zawati, Hilmi. (2002). Is Jihād a Just War?: War, Peace, and Human Rights Under Islamic and Public International Law (Studies in religion & society). Edwin Mellen Press. পৃ. 63–4. ISBN 978-0773473041
5. ↑ Wael, B. Hallaq. (2009). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice and Transformations. Cambridge University Press. পৃ. 332–3. ISBN 978-0-521-86147-2
6. ↑ Ellethy 2014, পৃ. 181
7. ↑ Alshech, Eli. (2003). Islamic Law, Practice, and Legal Doctrine: Exempting the Poor from the Jizya under the Ayyubids (1171-1250). Islamic Law and Society
8. ↑ Rispler-Chaim, Vardit. (2007). Disability in Islamic law. Springer. পৃ. 44. ISBN 1402050526
9. ↑ Majid Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam, pp. 192-3
10. ↑ Mirza, editor, Gerhard Bowering; associate editors, Patricia Crone .. [et al.]; assistant editor, Mahan. (2013). The Princeton encyclopedia of Islamic political thought. Princeton University Press. পৃ. 283. ISBN 0691134847
11. ↑ Abdel Haleem 2010, (Ellethy/2014/p=181)
12. ↑ "Mapel,Nardin"; Mapel, D.R. and Nardin, T., eds. (1999), International Society: Diverse Ethical Perspectives, p. 231. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691049724
13. ↑ "ArnoldPoI", Shah/2008/pp=19–20)
14. ↑ Ellethy 2014, পৃ. 181
15. ↑ Ghazi Kalin Kamali, পৃ. 240–1
16. ↑ Abdel-Haleem 2012, পৃ. 75–6, 77
17. ↑ Sabet, Amr (2006), The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 24:4, Oxford; pp. 99–100
18. ↑ Bravmann 2009, পৃ. 199–201, 204–5, 207–12
19. ↑ Mohammad, Gharipour. (2014). Sacred Precincts: The Religious Architecture of Non-Muslim Communities Across the Islamic World. BRILL. পৃ. XV. ISBN 9004280227
20. ↑ Shah 2008, পৃ. 20
21. ↑ Walker Arnold, Thomas. (1913). Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith. Constable & Robinson Ltd. পৃ. 59 ff (online)
22. ↑ Morony, Michael. (2005). Iraq after the Muslim conquest. Gorgias Press. পৃ. 109, 99–134. ISBN 978-1-59333-315-7
23. ↑ Levy, Reuben. (2002). The social structure of Islam. Routledge. পৃ. 310–1. ISBN 978-0-415-20910-6
24. ↑ Satish Chandra (1969), Jizyah and the State in India during the 17th Century, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 322–40, quote="Although kharaj and jizyah were sometimes treated as synonyms, a number of fourteenth century theological tracts treat them as separate"
25. ↑ Oded Peri; Gilbar (Ed), Gad. (1990). Ottoman Palestine, 1800-1914: Studies in economic and social history. E.J. Brill. পৃ. 287. ISBN 978-90-04-07785-0
26. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawkiy. (2006). al-Islām fī Qafaṣ al-ʾIttihām. Dār al-Fikr. পৃ. 149. ISBN 1575470047 (online)
27. ↑ Charles Hamilton (1957), Hedaya, Lahore
28. ↑ Ghazi Kalin Kamali, পৃ. 82–3
29. ↑ The French scholar Gustave Le Bon writes "that despite the fact that the incidence of taxation fell more heavily on a Muslim than a non-Muslim, the non-Muslim was free to enjoy equally well with every Muslim all the privileges afforded to the citizens of the state." Mun'im Sirry (2014), Scriptural Polemics: The Qur'an and Other Religions, p. 179. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199359363
30. ↑ Abu Zahra, Muhammad. Zahrat al-Tafāsīr. Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī. পৃ. 3277–8
31. ↑ তাফছিৰ
32. ↑ quran-usc-9/29, Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Dagli, Caner K.; Dakake, Maria Massi; Lumbard, Joseph E.B.; Rustom, Mohammed. (2015). The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary. HarperCollins
33. ↑ ইহুদি-খ্ৰীষ্টানৰ বাবেও আৰৱ ভূমিৰ অধিকাৰ সঙ্কুচিত কৰাৰ নিৰ্দেশ
34. ↑ হজৰত উমৰ ইবনে আব্দুল আজিজ ৰহঃ