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তথ্যসূত্ৰ

1. ↑ emeĝir (SUMERIAN). The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology
2. ↑ "The area in question (the extreme south of Mesopotamia) may now be called Sumer, and its inhabitants Sumerians, although these names are only English approximations of the Akkadian designations; the Sumerians themselves called their land Kengir, their language Emegir, and themselves Sag-giga, "black-headed ones." in W. Hallo; W. Simpson. (1971). The Ancient Near East. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. পৃ. 29
3. ↑ Black; George, A. R.; Postgate, J. N. (2000). A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. পৃ. 384. ISBN 978-3-447-04264-2
4. ↑ Miller; Shipp, R. Mark. (1996). An Akkadian Handbook: Paradigms, Helps, Glossary, Logograms, and Sign List. Eisenbrauns. পৃ. 68. ISBN 978-0-931464-86-7
5. ↑ Toorn; Becking, Bob; Horst, Pieter Willem van der. (1999). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. পৃ. 32. ISBN 978-0-8028-2491-2
6. ↑ Edzard. (2003). Sumerian Grammar. Brill. পৃ. 1. ISBN 978-90-474-0340-1
7. ↑ "The area in question (the extreme south of Mesopotamia) may now be called Sumer, and its inhabitants Sumerians, although these names are only English approximations of the Akkadian designations; the Sumerians themselves called their land Kengir, their language Emegir, and themselves Sag-giga, "black-headed ones." in W. Hallo; W. Simpson. (1971). The Ancient Near East. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. পৃ. 29W. Hallo; W. Simpson (1971). The Ancient Near East. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. p. 29
8. ↑ "The origin of the Sumerians is unknown; they described themselves as the 'black-headed people'" Haywood. (2005). The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Civilizations. Penguin. পৃ. 28. ISBN 978-0-14-101448-7
9. ↑ Diakonoff. (2013). Early Antiquity. University of Chicago Press. পৃ. 72. ISBN 978-0-226-14467-2
10. ↑ Finer; Finer, S. E. (1997). The History of Government from the Earliest Times: Ancient monarchies and empires. Oxford University Press. পৃ. 99. ISBN 978-0-19-820664-4
11. ↑ Foxvog. (2016). Elementary Sumerian Glossary. University of California at Berkeley. পৃ. 52
12. ↑ Diakonoff; D'I︠A︡konov, Igor' Mik︠h︡aílovich. (1991). Early Antiquity. University of Chicago Press. পৃ. 72. ISBN 978-0-226-14465-8
13. ↑ Feuerstein; Kak, Subhash; Frawley, David. (2005). The Search of the Cradle of Civilization: New Light on Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. পৃ. 117. ISBN 978-81-208-2037-1
14. ↑ "I am the king of the four quarters, I am a shepherd, the pastor of the "black-headed people"" in Liverani. (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. Routledge. পৃ. 167. ISBN 978-1-134-75084-9
15. ↑ Kramer. (1988). In the World of Sumer: An Autobiography. Wayne State University Press. পৃ. 44. ISBN 978-0-8143-2121-8
16. ↑ Ancient Mesopotamia. Teaching materials. Oriental Institute in collaboration with Chicago Web Docent and eCUIP, The Digital Library
17. ↑ "The Ubaid Period (5500–4000 B.C.)" In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (October 2003)
18. ↑ "Ubaid Culture", The British Museum
19. ↑ "Beyond the Ubaid", (Carter, Rober A. and Graham, Philip, eds.), University of Durham, April 2006
20. ↑ Arnaiz-Villena; Martínez-Laso, Jorge; Gómez-Casado, Eduardo. (2000). Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology, and Linguistics: (proceedings of an International Conference on Prehistoric Iberia: Genetics, Anthropology, and Linguistics, Held November 16–17, 1998, in Madrid, Spain). Springer Science & Business Media. পৃ. 22. ISBN 978-0-306-46364-8
21. ↑ Lazaridis; Nadel, D.; Rollefson, G. (2016). Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East. Nature. পৃ. 419–424
22. ↑ Płoszaj; Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Jędrychowska-Dańska, Krystyna. (11 September 2013). mtDNA from the Early Bronze Age to the Roman Period Suggests a Genetic Link between the Indian Subcontinent and Mesopotamian Cradle of Civilization. PLOS ONE. পৃ. e73682
23. ↑ Sumerians had connections with the Caucasus. scientificrussia
24. ↑ (2014). Lexical Matches between Sumerian and Hurro-Urartian: Possible Historical Scenarios. Cuneiform Digital Library Journal
25. ↑ (2009). The Diversity of the Chechen culture: from historical roots to the present. UNESCO. পৃ. 14. ISBN 978-5-904549-01-5