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1. ↑ Powers. (18 August 2021). Classical Indian Buddhist Philosophy. Oxford Bibliographies Online. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539352-1
2. ↑ Bartley. (2015). An Introduction to Indian Philosophy: Hindu and Buddhist Ideas from Original Sources. Bloomsbury Academic. পৃ. 23–41. ISBN 978-1-4742-4306-3
3. ↑ Acri. (20 December 2018). Maritime Buddhism. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8
4. ↑ Donnelly. (25 January 2017). Madhyamaka. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8
5. ↑ Siderits, Mark. Buddhism as philosophy, 2007, p. 6
6. ↑ David Kalupahana, Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism. The University Press of Hawaii, 1975, p. 70
7. ↑ Kalupahana 1994
8. ↑ David Kalupahana, Mulamadhyamakakarika of Nagarjuna. Motilal Banarsidass, 2006, p. 1
9. ↑ Four Noble Truths: BUDDHIST PHILOSOPHY, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Quote: "The first truth, suffering (Pali: dukkha; Sanskrit: duhkha), is characteristic of existence in the realm of rebirth, called samsara (literally “wandering”)."
10. ↑ Anderson 2004, পৃ. 295–297. Quote: "This, bhikkhus, is the noble truth that is suffering. Birth is suffering; old age is suffering; illness is suffering; death is suffering; sorrow and grief, physical and mental suffering, and disturbance are suffering. [...] In short, all life is suffering, according to the Buddha’s first sermon."
11. ↑ Anderson 2004, পৃ. 295–297. Quote: "This, bhikkhus, is the noble truth that is suffering. Birth is suffering; old age is suffering; illness is suffering; death is suffering; sorrow and grief, physical and mental suffering, and disturbance are suffering. [...] In short, all life is suffering, according to the Buddha’s first sermon."
12. ↑ Four Noble Truths: BUDDHIST PHILOSOPHY, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Quote: "The second truth is the origin (Pali and Sanskrit: samudaya) or cause of suffering, which the Buddha associated with craving or attachment in his first sermon."
13. ↑ Anderson 2004, পৃ. 295–297. Quote: "The second truth is samudaya (arising or origin). To end suffering, the four noble truths tell us, one needs to know how and why suffering arises. The second noble truth explains that suffering arises because of craving, desire, and attachment."
14. ↑ Anderson 2004, পৃ. 295–297. Quote: "The second truth is samudaya (arising or origin). To end suffering, the four noble truths tell us, one needs to know how and why suffering arises. The second noble truth explains that suffering arises because of craving, desire, and attachment."
15. ↑ Brazier 2001
16. ↑ Batchelor 2012, পৃ. 95–97
17. ↑ Anderson 2004, পৃ. 295–297, Quote: "The third truth follows from the second: If the cause of suffering is desire and attachment to various things, then the way to end suffering is to eliminate craving, desire, and attachment. The third truth is called nirodha, which means “ending” or “cessation.” To stop suffering, one must stop desiring."
18. ↑ Anderson 2004, পৃ. 295–297, Quote: "The third truth follows from the second: If the cause of suffering is desire and attachment to various things, then the way to end suffering is to eliminate craving, desire, and attachment. The third truth is called nirodha, which means “ending” or “cessation.” To stop suffering, one must stop desiring."
19. ↑ Brazier 2001
20. ↑ Anderson 2004, পৃ. 295–297, Quote: "This, bhikkhus, is the noble truth that is the way leading to the ending of suffering. This is the eightfold path of the noble ones: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.[..] The Buddha taught the fourth truth, maarga (Pali, magga), the path that has eight parts, as the means to end suffering."
21. ↑ Anderson 2004, পৃ. 295–297, Quote: "This, bhikkhus, is the noble truth that is the way leading to the ending of suffering. This is the eightfold path of the noble ones: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.[..] The Buddha taught the fourth truth, maarga (Pali, magga), the path that has eight parts, as the means to end suffering."
22. ↑ Norman 2003, পৃ. 219, 222